Trace minerals are crucial building blocks for hundreds of enzymes. They facilitate a multitude of biochemical reactions. They may be a requirement for normal growth and development as well as neurological functions. They also serve as anti-oxidants and support the blood system. They are necessary for certain hormones and they are required for normal gonadal development. Here is a short description of some of the functions of some of the trace minerals.

Iron is a vital element in the formation of red blood cells and lean muscle. Chromium may help with insulin functions and glucose metabolism. Copper is a constituent in many enzymes involved in such key functions as energy production, iron metabolism, healthy connective tissue, neurotransmission, and the making of hemoglobin. Zinc is essential for normal growth and development in children, proper functioning of the immune system, many neurological functions and reproduction. Iodine is a familiar key element of the thyroid hormone. Very small amount of iodine in drinking water and nutrition can lead to a slowed metabolism, weight gain, abnormal lipid profile and mental sluggishness. Manganese is another component that facilitates in many enzymes that have anti-oxidant benefits for a multitude of metabolic functions, support bone development and wound healing. Selenium is the part of the amino acid selenocysteine that happens in 25 different seleno proteins which can play important roles in reproduction, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and protection from oxidative damage and infection.

Certain mineral elements are essential for the development and function of the brain. Of the macroelements (those present in the body in large amounts), sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium are essential for electrophysiological function. Deficiencies or excesses of these elements can result in severe neuropsychological abnormalities. The functions of vitamins and macro-elements in the nervous system have been reviewed elsewhere. Certain trace elements (elements present in the body in kg/g amounts) are essential for brain growth and function. Though all the trace minerals are important, from a human health standpoint, the elements of greatest importance are iodine, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, mercury and lead.[17]